THE INFLUENCE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME ON SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

Abstract

Background. The idea has evolved into what is known as the brain–gut–microbiota system—a more comprehensive framework that reflects the intricate interactions between the central nervous system, the endocrine signaling pathways, the immune system, gut microbes, metabolic processes, and the barrier functions of both the brain and the gut. The coordinated function of these systems is essential for maintaining overall health. When this balance is disrupted, it can contribute to a range of health issues, including mental health disorders such as depression. Materials and methods. A total of 100 patients were selected. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. The main group received a probiotic, the comparison group did not receive it. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests were used for between-group analyses. The qualitative analysis was conducted by groups, anxiety and depression indicators were assessed in both groups, and frequencies were compared using the Pearson chi-square test. Results. The results of the study confirm the fact of the influence of gut microbiota on mental health, specifically on the levels of anxiety and depression. The lack of correlation between the BAI and BDI scales and the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 require further research, probably the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales are more concise and less detailed than the BDI and BAI scales. Conclusion. Extensive research has highlighted disturbances in intestinal microbiota and metabolites in depression. The potential benefits of probiotics, prebiotics, and psychobiotics in influencing brain function are indicated by both preclinical and clinical research.