EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL PROGRAMSFOR THE PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION AND SUICIDEIN ADOLESCENTS. LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Актуальность. Using the school system to implement prevention programs provides a natural and affordable way to
reach young people. Studies conducted both in Kazakhstan and in other countries show that at least 90% of adolescents
who commit suicide have symptoms of depression. Suicide consistently ranks among the leading causes of death from
external causes among adolescents.
The aim of this literature review is to analyze the possibilities of methods for assessing preventive measures for anxietydepressive disorders in adolescents 15-17 years old.
Study selection: A literature review was done in 2021. The collection of materials was carried out on the bases:
MEDLINE / PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO. Time period of the reseach is 10 years, from 2010 to 2021. Due
to the different research methodology, the review will be narrativeThe results showed a moderate but real preventive effect of
such programs. Prevention programs provide an opportunity to plan strategies for influencing the suicide rate in the country,
but they are difficult to assess, there is no suitable assessment method. 

Results: article includes universal preventive programs for adolescents on the detection anxiety-depressive disorders
and their prevention, carried out in different environments and methodologies. The programs carried out in Kazakhstan, the
CIS, in the countries of Western Europe, North America, and Australia. The largest projects of preventive programs for
adolescents (SEYLE, LARS / LISA, Op Volle Kracht, SPARX) are described in particular details, the features of their
implementation, positive and negative consequences, and difficulties in implementation. Prevention programs can identify
adolescents with disorders and reduce symptoms in subsequent examinations, reduce the burden on the health sector, and
reduce the frequency of hospitalizations and treatment. The disadvantages of such programs are the need for support in
public and political circles, financial costs, the involvement of a large number of specialists, and a long period of application is
required to maintain the result.
Conclusions: universal school programs for adolescents on the detection of mental disorders and prevention are
effective in the prevention of depression and anxiety. They are effective in maintaining remission and reducing the likelihood
of deterioration in adolescents with mental disorders.