ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION'S READINESS TO INCLUDEVACCINATION AGAINST DISEASES CAUSED BY THE HUMANPAPILLOMAVIRUS IN THE NATIONAL CALENDAR OF PREVENTIVEVACCINATIONS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major public health strategy for cervical cancer
prevention by reducing the incidence of HPV infection in the general population. In addition to screening, it offers a powerful
tool to significantly reduce the global burden of cervical cancer. A judicious combination of vaccination and screening can
potentially eliminate cervical cancer in vaccinated populations. The vaccine is highly effective against high-grade precursors
of vulvar, vaginal and anal cancers in women, offering comprehensive protection against malignant tumors of the anogenital
tract in women. There are now two HPV vaccines available in the markets of many countries - bivalent and tetravalent. Both vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection with viruses types 16 and 18, which together account for 70% of cervical
cancers worldwide. Clinical trials and primary post-marketing surveillance data from several continents demonstrate the
safety of both vaccines. In most countries, the primary target group with a positive HPV immunization response is adolescent
girls between the ages of 9 and 14. The immunization schedule for both vaccines depends on the age of the vaccine
recipient.
Objective: to study the organization of vaccination against human papillomavirus in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in
the world.
Search strategy: The sources were searched in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Ebscohost, Medline, The
Corrane Library, Cyberlininka, Google Academy. The search depth was 10 years: from 2011 to 2021. Inclusion criteria were:
reports of randomized and cohort studies conducted on large populations; meta-analyses and systematic reviews; articles in
English and Russian, full-text articles, full-text articles with free access. The exclusion criteria were: articles describing single
cases and series of cases; articles, materials that do not have an evidence base, summaries of reports, abstracts and
newspaper articles. 138 articles were found on this topic, of which 52 articles were included.
Results: A literature review showed that human parilloma virus is associated with a large number of diseases leading to
disability and mortality in both women and men; vaccination against HPV has confirmed its effectiveness and safety in all
countries that have included it in their National Programs;
Conclusions: An integrated approach is needed to increase vaccination coverage against human papillomavirus. It is
important to raise awareness among adolescents, parents and healthcare providers as target audiences for vaccination.