IMMUNOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENETIC STATUS RELATIVELY HEALTHY RESIDENTS OF ALMATY CITY AND ALMATY REGION IN DYNAMICS

Abstract

Introduction. At present, many countries are developing and implementing in practice the principles of research and preventive medicine based on the integral evaluation of the immune system and genetic features of the population. The study of cytogenetic and immunological status is one of the well-known and informative methods for the indication of health and environmental effects on humans. Objective: study of the cytogenetic and immunological status of residents of Almaty city and Almaty region according to the criteria of chromosome aberrations formation in lymphocytes of peripheral blood and the content of immunoglobulins in plasma in almost healthy people in the dynamics for the last 15 years. Materials and methods. In the comparative dynamics during 15 years biochemical and cytogenetic study of the almost healthy people aged 35 to 60 years living in Almaty and Almaty region has been conducted. They determined the level of immunoglobulins in the blood serum, the frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood. Results. Differences of the contents of immunoglobulins in the plasma of practically healthy people of urban and rural populations of Almaty region have been established. The correlation of their content in the plasma of a number of factors - the location of residence, the ecological situation of the area, age. The data obtained indicate that the analysis of immunoglobulins and their interpretation will be more informative for a more accurate diagnosis and prediction of morbidity. The cytogenetic study of the residents of Almaty city showed that the frequency of chromosome aberrations among the residents of Almaty city has reliably increased for the last 15 years and its level is higher than in people living in the countryside. The correlation of these indexes was revealed. The necessity of constant monitoring of the immune and cytogenetic status of the population under the increasing anthropogenic load is shown. It has been argued whether it is appropriate to compare the urban and rural population groups under research with the urban ones and to choose control groups 13 for the ecological genetic and immunologic studies. Conclusions. The last fifteen years have shown negative dynamics of cytogenetic and immunologic indexes in essentially healthy individuals, which was likely caused by the previous coronavirus pandemic as well as the deterioration of the ecological condition.