SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AMONG UNEMPLOYED YOUTH IN KAZAKHSTAN: HOW ECONOMIC DISPARITY AFFECTS QUALITY OF LIFE

Abstract

Objectives. Both globally and in Kazakhstan, youth unemployment remains a problem contributing to social, economic and health inequalities. This study aimed to assess the social determinants of health among unemployed youth in Kazakhstan, with a specific focus on how economic inequality influences their quality of life. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study design was employed using the Quality of Life, Enjoyment, and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) among unemployed and employed youth aged 18–29. Statistical analyses, including the Mann-Whitney test and multiple regression, were conducted. Results. Unemployed youth reported significantly lower overall quality of life compared to employed youth (U=36878.5, Z=-3.472, p=0.001). Key determinants of quality of life included financial well-being, marital status, and perceived governmental support. Regression analysis revealed that financial well-being, marital status, and perceived governmental support were significant predictors of quality of life, with the model explaining 58% of the variance (R²=0.582). Conclusion. Youth unemployment in Kazakhstan is strongly associated with reduced quality of life, which is affected by economic inequality and limited social support. Addressing financial insecurity and strengthening state and community support systems are important for improving the well-being of unemployed youth.