PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AS A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM

Abstract

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most important problems of modern health care by all over the world [55.67], cause of the prevalence, frequency of complications of this disease and mortality from it constantly increasing. The relevance of COPD is evidenced by the results of modern epidemiological studies, which indicates that over the past few decades, the incidence, mortality and disability rates have increased significantly. [70]. According to publishing journal Lancet in 2020 "Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories in 1990-2019" COPD among all age groups by cause of mortality ranks 6th in the world and 4th in the age group from 50 to 74 years, about 2.8 million people die from COPD annually, which is 4.8% of all causes of death [22.49]. In 2021, it claimed the lives of 3.5 million people, it is approximately 5% of all deaths worldwide.[62] In 2021 it took the lives of 3.5 million people - this is approximately 5% of all deaths in the world. Thus, due to the increasing of frequency rates, mortality and disability in COPD, this disease is a medical and social problem of modern healthcare. Objective: to analyze the prevalence and risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Search strategy. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Medline, eLibrary, Google Scholar. Search depth was 10 years. 263 sources were found totally.70 publications were selected for analysis. Inclusion criteria: publications in Russian and English, since 2014 to 2024, the results of authentic research, meta-analyses, clinical cases, dissertations on the research topic and sources were found manually; Exclusion criteria: publications without clear formulation of results and conclusions; articles, abstracts with paid access. Several sources published earlier than the given period (1999, 1990) were also taken for analysis in 10 years, due to the content of the necessary data to make comparison. Results and conclusions. The literature analysis showed that the high prevalence of COPD is becoming a heavy burden for society and is a socio-economic evil for most developed countries. According to the forecasts of WHO experts, COPD will take the 3rd place among other causes of mortality by 2030 and will overtake mortality from injuries and accidents. Risk factors are the spreading epidemic of smoking,stable environmental pollution and recurring respiratory infectious diseases. According to scientists, COPD is the only disease, the mortality rate from which has increased by 25.5% over the past 10 years. Consequently, COPD is currently becoming a global international health problem.