CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, pose significant challenges and are associated with a rising global incidence. However, research in Kazakhstan is limited and primarily descriptive. This review aims to elucidate the clinical and pathogenetic features of IBD in Kazakhstan to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A systematic review was conducted to identify common associations. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and pathogenetic features of inflammatory bowel diseases in Kazakhstan and their implications for diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We analyzed systematic reviews and studies published in PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from 2014 to the present. This review specifically examined approximately 60 articles from the past decade, focusing on IBD in Kazakhstan, given the limited and primarily descriptive nature of the existing research. Conclusions: Our review underscores the increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Kazakhstan, highlighting significant challenges in understanding its clinical and pathogenetic aspects. Despite advances in diagnostics and therapies, the precise etiology of IBD remains unclear. The complexity of diagnosing and distinguishing between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, along with inconsistent markers for mucosal healing, emphasizes the need for more standardized diagnostic criteria. Large-scale studies with rigorous methodologies are crucial to advancing our understanding of IBD and improving treatment strategies. Addressing these research gaps is essential for enhancing healthcare and patient outcomes in the region.