PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEMDISEASE ON THE EXAMPLE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA.LITERARY REVIEW.

Abstract

Introduction: From a global perspective, however, the most urgent task is to prevent the development
ofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC). The only effective strategy is primary prevention of viral hepatitis, which in most countries
is already carried out in the form of vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in newborns. Prevention of alcohol abuse and
the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as metabolic syndrome are also very important. Improving the population's
knowledge of risk factor can prevent the development of HCC.
Aim:to study the prevalence and risk factors of the hepatobiliary system on the example of hepatocellular carcinoma by
studying international and own experience.
Search strategy: We studied publicly available articles over 5 years using the following databases of scientific
publications and specialized search engines: PubMed, Mendeley, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar.Inclusion
criteria: Publication level of evidence A, B: meta-analyzes, systematic reviews, cohort and cross-sectional studies.Exclusion
criteria: expert opinion in the form of short messages, promotional articles.
Findings: Every year more than 600,000 people die from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. A more thorough
study of this disease is needed, both in clinical and pharmacological terms, especially in the aspect of providing care to
patients in regions with limited resources. Approaches to the treatment of HCC depend on the stage of the disease at the
time of diagnosis and on the availability of complex therapies. Nevertheless, the disease in its advanced stages is noncurable, its management is expensive and initially effective only with respect to increasing the indicator of "qualitatively
secured years of life". The provision of medical care to patients with HCC can be improved by opening high-quality treatment
centers. Promising new pharmacy are beyond the reach of those patients who could feel their effectiveness: in countries with
low resources, sorafenib cannot be used in general practice. For example, the approximate cost of prescribing this pharmacy
for a month is: $7,300 in China, $5,400 in the USA, $5,000 in Brazil, €3,562 in France and $1,400 in South Korea (N Engl J
Med 2008. 359:378-90; PMID 18650519).
Conclusion: To sum up, a review of the available literature on the problem of hepatocellular carcinoma showed that
against the unfavorable background of the growing incidence of hepatitis various etiologies, with increasing cases of obesity
and type 2 diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance, it can be expected that the number of new cases of HCC in the world
and, accordingly, the mortality rate from liver cell cancer will only grow in the world. In nowadays there is no screening of
HCC in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a state program for detecting liver cancer at an early stage, there is no program for
modifying risk factors for the development of HCC, depending on the degree of importance of each of them and the
possibility of influencing them, such as bad habits and social lifestyle.