ACUTE ORCOEPIDIDYMITIS: MODERN ASPECTSOF ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction. Acute inflammatory diseases of the scrotum organs is a common disease among
patients with a urological profile and cause hospitalization of 4-5% of all urological patients. Untimely
or inadequate treatment of acute orchiepididymitis can lead to suppuration of the organ, which is
fraught with the loss of an important reproductive organ, or the timing of the process.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the literature on the nature of morbidity, etiological
aspects, diagnosis and treatment methods for acute orchoepididymitis, in foreign and in Kazakhstan.
Materials and methods: To achieve this goal, we searched for scientific publications in
databases of evidence-based medicine (PubMed, Cochrane Library, ResearchGate). Inflammatory
diseases of the male reproductive system are a dynamically researched area of medicine, so it was
decided to study the most recent studies in 15 years. 112 publications on the topic of acute
orchiepididymitis were found in the indicated bases, of which 55 research publications meet the
goals of our study. At the beginning of the study, the following search filters were determined:
scientific research done in the last 10 years, published in English and Russian, as well as full
versions of the articles. Preference was given to studies of high methodological quality (meta -
analyzes, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials and cohort studies [8], in the absence of
which, publication of the results of case-control studies and cross-sectional studies was also taken
into account. Criteria for excluding publications in Review are to be report summaries, newspaper
publications and personal messages.
Results and discussion: Acute orhoepididymitis is a polyethiological disease. Data on the
significance of bacterial infection in orchites and epididymitis are extremely controversial. At present,
a valuable diagnostic method, along with physical research, is ultrasound with color Doppler mapping.
However, despite the high information content, ultrasound does not always allow us to establish the
stage of the inflammatory process. The generally accepted method for today is conservativeexpectant tactics. The European Association of Urologists recommends fluoroquinolone for the
treatment of acute orchiepididymitis as antibiotics of choice.
Conclusion: To date, the optimal plan for the diagnosis of acute epididymoortitis has not been
clearly formulated. Among specialists dealing with this issue, there is no uniform idea of the methods
of treatment (conservative or operative) of this pathology. Therefore, the development of an optimized
program for the examination and treatment of patients with acute epididymorchitis remains an urgent
topic of modern urology and needs further study.