ISLAM, TENGRISM AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION IN KAZAKHSTAN: REVIEW AND PROBLEMS OF ORGAN DONATION DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Introduction: despite a sufficient number of transplantation centers, the presence of qualified specialists, modern technical equipment of the clinic, state financing, the number of organs from posthumous donors in Kazakhstan remains catastrophically low. One of the reasons for the failures of citizens to participate in the program of organ donation is religious beliefs. The goal is to highlight the role of Islamic religion and tengrism in the development of posthumous donation, as well as study the current position in transplantation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Search strategy: In order to collect information about the role of Islamic religion and Tengrism in the donation of the organs, a review of literature was carried out in Scopus, Pubmed, National Library of Medicine, Embase, Medline, Google Academic, analyzed data from the Republican Center for Coordination of Transplantation and High-Tech Medical Services of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on issues of transplantation activities in Kazakhstan. Results: The current state in relation to deceased organ donation and transplantation in Kazakhstan as a whole showed a heterogeneous form. The data obtained showed that the transplantation of organs, especially posthumous donation, requires radical changes. The ambiguous role of the Islamic religion, as well as the concept of tengrism on the development of deceased organ donation, was revealed. The legislative framework, awareness and stereotype of the thinking of society regarding donation, infrastructure, equipping the necessary and related education for the development of transplantation need improvements. Conclusion: the development of the deceased organ donation of any country largely depends on the level of economic development of the country, sufficient support for the government, the correct understanding and awareness of society, the medical workers themselves about deceased organ donation and its benefits for citizens who need transplantation of organs.